[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":286},["ShallowReactive",2],{"publication-2026\u002Fadvancing-integrated-sensing-and-communications-with-rl-drl-in-6-g-networks-a-su-en":3,"publication-members":53},{"_path":4,"_dir":5,"_draft":6,"_partial":6,"_locale":7,"title":8,"description":9,"_hidden":6,"authors":10,"authors_orcid":17,"year":21,"doi":22,"openalex_id":23,"venue":24,"abstract_screenshot":18,"keywords":25,"body":33,"_type":46,"_id":47,"_source":48,"_file":49,"_stem":50,"_extension":51,"locale":52},"\u002Fpublications\u002F2026\u002Fadvancing-integrated-sensing-and-communications-with-rl-drl-in-6-g-networks-a-su","2026",false,"","Advancing integrated sensing and communications with RL\u002FDRL in 6 G networks: a survey","Abstract Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) has emerged as a key enabling technology for sixth-generation (6 G) networks, supporting joint environment perception and data transmission with high spectral efficiency and reduced hardware cost. However, the design and deployment of ISAC systems remain challenging due to dynamic wireless environments, sensing–communication trade-offs, and the increasing complexity of large-scale networks. Reinforcement learning (RL) and deep reinforcement learning (DRL) have recently attracted significant attention as data-driven approaches for addressing these challenges through model-free, adaptive, and real-time optimization. This survey first reviews the fundamentals of ISAC technology and then summarizes major RL and DRL algorithms relevant to ISAC design. It further provides a comprehensive overview of RL\u002FDRL methods for ISAC in 6 G networks. Existing approaches are categorized into value-based, policy-based, and hybrid methods, and are further classified according to representative ISAC scenarios, including reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted systems, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and satellite systems, vehicular networks, and other emerging 6 G applications. The survey highlights reported gains in spectral efficiency, sensing accuracy, adaptability, and robustness, while also identifying key limitations of current approaches. Finally, the survey outlines current challenges, future research directions, and key lessons learned.",[11,12,13,14,15,16],"Khan, Wali Ullah","Khalid, Waqas","Iqbal, Muhammad","Kwong, Chiew Foong","Ahmed, Manzoor","Shah, Syed Tariq",[18,18,18,19,18,20],null,"0000-0001-7857-511X","0000-0003-4722-1786",2026,"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs10462-026-11610-w","W7164742731","Artificial Intelligence Review",[26,27,28,29,30,31,32],"Key (lock)","Software deployment","Reinforcement learning","Wireless","Communications satellite","Transmission (telecommunications)","Data transmission",{"type":34,"children":35,"toc":43},"root",[36],{"type":37,"tag":38,"props":39,"children":40},"element","p",{},[41],{"type":42,"value":9},"text",{"title":7,"searchDepth":44,"depth":44,"links":45},2,[],"markdown","content:publications:2026:advancing-integrated-sensing-and-communications-with-rl-drl-in-6-g-networks-a-su.md","content","publications\u002F2026\u002Fadvancing-integrated-sensing-and-communications-with-rl-drl-in-6-g-networks-a-su.md","publications\u002F2026\u002Fadvancing-integrated-sensing-and-communications-with-rl-drl-in-6-g-networks-a-su","md","en",[54,63,67,73,76,86,90,97,99,107,111,123,127,136,140,147,149,156,158,165,167,174,176,183,185,197,201,210,213,223,227,236,239,247,249,271],{"_path":55,"title":56,"name":57,"role":58,"email":7,"image":59,"category":60,"order":61,"_id":62},"\u002Fmembers\u002Falumni\u002Frui-li","Research Assistant from Oct.,2023 to June.,2024","Rui Li","Research Assistant (Alumni)","\u002Fimages\u002Fdefault.jpg","alumni","17","content:members:alumni:rui-li.md",{"_path":55,"title":64,"role":65,"_id":66},"科研助理，2023 年 10 月至 2024 年 6 月","科研助理（校友）","content:members:alumni:rui-li.zh-CN.md",{"_path":68,"title":69,"name":70,"role":58,"email":7,"image":59,"category":60,"order":71,"_id":72},"\u002Fmembers\u002Falumni\u002Fyuhao-shi","Research Assistant from Feb.,2023 to Nov.,2024","Yuhao Shi","18","content:members:alumni:yuhao-shi.md",{"_path":68,"title":74,"role":65,"_id":75},"科研助理，2023 年 2 月至 2024 年 11 月","content:members:alumni:yuhao-shi.zh-CN.md",{"_path":77,"title":78,"name":79,"role":80,"email":81,"image":82,"category":83,"order":84,"_id":85},"\u002Fmembers\u002Fresearch-assistants\u002Fhang-xu","Research Assistant - B.Sc student in Computer Science","Hang Xu","Research Assistant","hang.xu@nottingham.edu.cn","assets\u002Fhangxu.jpg","research-assistants","14","content:members:research-assistants:hang-xu.md",{"_path":77,"title":87,"role":88,"_id":89},"科研助理 - 计算机科学本科生","科研助理","content:members:research-assistants:hang-xu.zh-CN.md",{"_path":91,"title":80,"name":92,"role":80,"email":93,"image":94,"category":83,"order":95,"_id":96},"\u002Fmembers\u002Fresearch-assistants\u002Fxing-hou","Xing Hou","xing.hou@nottingham.edu.cn","assets\u002Fxinghou.png","15","content:members:research-assistants:xing-hou.md",{"_path":91,"title":88,"role":88,"_id":98},"content:members:research-assistants:xing-hou.zh-CN.md",{"_path":100,"title":101,"name":102,"role":103,"email":104,"image":59,"category":83,"order":105,"_id":106},"\u002Fmembers\u002Fresearch-assistants\u002Fxiuqi-wang","Intern Research Assistant - B.Sc student in Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering","Xiuqi Wang","Intern Research Assistant","xiuqi.wang@nottingham.edu.cn","16","content:members:research-assistants:xiuqi-wang.md",{"_path":100,"title":108,"role":109,"_id":110},"实习科研助理 - 电气与电子工程系本科生","实习科研助理","content:members:research-assistants:xiuqi-wang.zh-CN.md",{"_path":112,"title":113,"name":114,"role":115,"email":116,"scholar":117,"image":118,"category":119,"order":120,"orcid":121,"_id":122},"\u002Fmembers\u002Fresearch-students\u002Ffuhua-jia","PhD Student, Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering","Fuhua Jia","PhD Student","Fuhua.JIA@nottingham.edu.cn","https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fcitations?user=Zz2ccJ4AAAAJ&hl","assets\u002Fjiafuhua.png","research-students","09","0009-0002-6693-9371","content:members:research-students:fuhua-jia.md",{"_path":112,"title":124,"role":125,"_id":126},"博士研究生，机械、材料与制造工程系","博士研究生","content:members:research-students:fuhua-jia.zh-CN.md",{"_path":128,"title":129,"name":130,"role":131,"email":132,"image":133,"category":119,"order":134,"_id":135},"\u002Fmembers\u002Fresearch-students\u002Fhao-wang","Master by Research Student, Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering","Hao Wang","Master by Research Student","hao.wang@nottingham.edu.cn","assets\u002Fwanghao.png","12","content:members:research-students:hao-wang.md",{"_path":128,"title":137,"role":138,"_id":139},"科研硕士研究生，机械、材料与制造工程系","科研硕士研究生","content:members:research-students:hao-wang.zh-CN.md",{"_path":141,"title":113,"name":142,"role":115,"email":143,"image":144,"category":119,"order":145,"_id":146},"\u002Fmembers\u002Fresearch-students\u002Fjunlin-xiao","Junlin Xiao","junlin.xiao@nottingham.edu.cn","assets\u002Fjunlin-xiao.jpg","10","content:members:research-students:junlin-xiao.md",{"_path":141,"title":124,"role":125,"_id":148},"content:members:research-students:junlin-xiao.zh-CN.md",{"_path":150,"title":113,"name":151,"role":115,"email":152,"image":153,"category":119,"order":154,"_id":155},"\u002Fmembers\u002Fresearch-students\u002Fliming-li","Liming Li","Liming.Li@nottingham.edu.cn","assets\u002Fliming-li.jpg","11","content:members:research-students:liming-li.md",{"_path":150,"title":124,"role":125,"_id":157},"content:members:research-students:liming-li.zh-CN.md",{"_path":159,"title":113,"name":160,"role":115,"email":161,"image":162,"category":119,"order":163,"_id":164},"\u002Fmembers\u002Fresearch-students\u002Fmengshen-yang","Mengshen Yang","Mengshen.Yang@nottingham.edu.cn","assets\u002Fyangmengshen.png","07","content:members:research-students:mengshen-yang.md",{"_path":159,"title":124,"role":125,"_id":166},"content:members:research-students:mengshen-yang.zh-CN.md",{"_path":168,"title":129,"name":169,"role":131,"email":170,"image":171,"category":119,"order":172,"_id":173},"\u002Fmembers\u002Fresearch-students\u002Fruoxu-xiao","Ruoxu Xiao","ruoxu.Xiao@nottingham.edu.cn","assets\u002Fruoxuxiao.jpg","13","content:members:research-students:ruoxu-xiao.md",{"_path":168,"title":137,"role":138,"_id":175},"content:members:research-students:ruoxu-xiao.zh-CN.md",{"_path":177,"title":113,"name":178,"role":115,"email":179,"image":180,"category":119,"order":181,"_id":182},"\u002Fmembers\u002Fresearch-students\u002Ftianyi-chen","Tianyi Chen","Tianyi.Chen@nottingham.edu.cn","assets\u002Fchentianyi.png","08","content:members:research-students:tianyi-chen.md",{"_path":177,"title":124,"role":125,"_id":184},"content:members:research-students:tianyi-chen.zh-CN.md",{"_path":186,"title":187,"name":188,"role":189,"email":190,"scholar":191,"image":192,"category":193,"order":194,"orcid":195,"_id":196},"\u002Fmembers\u002Fstaff\u002Fadam-rushworth","Associate Professor in Materials and Manufacturing, PGCHE","Dr Adam Rushworth","Deputy Director of Control System Lab","Adam.Rushworth@nottingham.edu.cn","https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fcitations?user=XvRnzQYAAAAJ&hl","assets\u002Fadam-rushworth.webp","staff","02","0000-0003-3803-7549","content:members:staff:adam-rushworth.md",{"_path":186,"title":198,"role":199,"_id":200},"材料与制造副教授，PGCHE","控制系统实验室副主任","content:members:staff:adam-rushworth.zh-CN.md",{"_path":202,"title":203,"name":204,"role":203,"email":205,"scholar":206,"image":207,"category":193,"order":208,"_id":209},"\u002Fmembers\u002Fstaff\u002Fahmed-abdelwahed","Assistant Professor","Dr Ahmed Nasr Abdelwahed","Ahmed.Abdelwahed@nottingham.edu.cn","https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fcitations?hl=zh-CN&user=9cCVF5cAAAAJ","assets\u002Fahmed.webp","06","content:members:staff:ahmed-abdelwahed.md",{"_path":202,"title":211,"role":211,"_id":212},"助理教授","content:members:staff:ahmed-abdelwahed.zh-CN.md",{"_path":214,"title":215,"name":216,"role":217,"email":218,"scholar":219,"image":220,"category":193,"order":221,"orcid":19,"_id":222},"\u002Fmembers\u002Fstaff\u002Fchiew-foong-kwong","Head of Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering","Dr Chiew Foong Kwong","Associate Professor, Head of Department","Chiew-Foong.Kwong@nottingham.edu.cn","https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fcitations?user=DiX0phAAAAAJ&hl=zh-CN&oi=ao","assets\u002Fcf.jpg","03","content:members:staff:chiew-foong-kwong.md",{"_path":214,"title":224,"role":225,"_id":226},"电气与电子工程系系主任","副教授，系主任","content:members:staff:chiew-foong-kwong.zh-CN.md",{"_path":228,"title":229,"name":230,"role":229,"email":231,"scholar":232,"image":233,"category":193,"order":234,"_id":235},"\u002Fmembers\u002Fstaff\u002Fdonglei-sun","Assistant Professor of Aerospace Aerodynamics","Dr Donglei Sun","Donglei.Sun@nottingham.edu.cn","https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fcitations?hl=zh-CN&user=C4EmdWMAAAAJ","assets\u002Fdonglei-sun.webp","05","content:members:staff:donglei-sun.md",{"_path":228,"title":237,"role":237,"_id":238},"航空航天空气动力学助理教授","content:members:staff:donglei-sun.zh-CN.md",{"_path":240,"title":229,"name":241,"role":229,"email":242,"scholar":243,"image":244,"category":193,"order":245,"_id":246},"\u002Fmembers\u002Fstaff\u002Frichard-adjei","Dr Richard Amankwa Adjei","Richard-Amankwa.Adjei@nottingham.edu.cn","https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fcitations?user=TshunUEAAAAJ&hl=zh-CN&oi=ao","assets\u002Frichard.webp","04","content:members:staff:richard-adjei.md",{"_path":240,"title":237,"role":237,"_id":248},"content:members:staff:richard-adjei.zh-CN.md",{"_path":250,"title":251,"name":252,"role":253,"email":254,"scholar":255,"orcid":256,"image":257,"category":193,"interests":258,"order":269,"_id":270},"\u002Fmembers\u002Fstaff\u002Fsalman-ijaz","Assistant Professor (Lecturer) in Control of Aerospace Systems","Dr Salman Ijaz","Director of Control System Lab","salman.ijaz@nottingham.edu.cn","https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fcitations?user=77HGe2UAAAAJ&hl","0000-0003-1483-4754","assets\u002Fsalman-ijaz.webp",[259,260,261,262,263,264,265,266,267,268],"Fault tolerant control of aircraft","Linear parameter varying control of nonlinear systems","Fractional order modeling and control of aircraft system","Control allocation Scheme","Integral sliding mode control","Robust control","Aircraft actuation system (dissimilar redundant actuation system)","Aircraft dynamics and control","Unmanned aerial vehicle system","More Electric Aircrafts","01","content:members:staff:salman-ijaz.md",{"_path":250,"title":272,"role":273,"interests":274,"_id":285},"航空航天控制系统助理教授（讲师）","控制系统实验室主任",[275,276,277,278,279,280,281,282,283,284],"飞机容错控制","非线性系统线性参数变化控制","飞机系统分数阶建模与控制","控制分配方案","积分滑模控制","鲁棒控制","飞机作动系统（非相似冗余作动系统）","飞机动力学与控制","无人机系统","多电飞机","content:members:staff:salman-ijaz.zh-CN.md",1786300702160]